Oct 15, 2002 · Abstract. Ku is a heterodimer of Mr 70,000 and Mr 86,000 subunits. It binds with strong affinity to DNA ends and is indispensable for nonhomologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) and V(D)J recombination. In this study, we investigated whether down-regulation of the Ku86 gene, by 2′-O-methoxyethyl/uniform phosphorothioate chimeric antisense …In vertebrates, Ku serves as the DNA targeting subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), which together with Ku forms the DNA-PK holoenzyme ( 41). DNA-PKcs is an ~465 kDa polypeptide, the C-terminal region of which has homology to the catalytic domains of proteins of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase-like (PIKK ...The Ku70/80 protein has been identified in many plants and been shown to possess several similar functions to its counter protein complex in mammals. In the present study, ovate family protein 1 (AtOFP1) was demonstrated to be a plant Ku-interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screening and the GST pull-down assay.Gorania M, Seker H, Haris PI. Predicting a protein's melting temperature from its amino acid sequence. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2010;2010:1820-3. Google Scholar Ku T, Lu P, Chan C, Wang T, Lai S, Lyu P, Hsiao N. Predicting melting temperature directly from protein sequences. Comput Biol Chem. 2009;33(6):445-50.The Ku70/80 heterodimer is a major player in non-homologous end joining and the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Studies suggest that once bound to a DNA double-strand break, Ku recruits the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) to form the DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex (DNA-PK).Ku protein preparations (4 μg), prepared as stated above, were subjected to limited proteolysis by the addition of 200 ng of sequencing grade bovine trypsin. Reactions were performed in buffer A and incubated at 37°C for10 minutes. Reactions were terminated by the addition of SDS loading dye and samples were separated by SDS-PAGE.KU Racial Equity Research, Scholarship + Creative Activity Awards ... The mission of the Protein Structure & X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory is to provide investigators with state-of-the-art instrumentation, facilities, and expertise for protein crystallization, X-ray data collection, data analysis, and structure solution and refinement from ...In this study, we further explored the protein components of the TCF-4 and β-catenin nuclear complex and identified that Ku70 and Ku80 proteins interact with TCF-4. The Ku autoantigen was originally identified as a nuclear protein recognized by autoantibodies in sera of patients with polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome . The Ku ...Ku is a conserved DNA end-binding protein that plays various roles at different kinds of DNA ends. At telomeres, Ku is part of the structure that protects the chromosome end, whereas at broken DNA ends, Ku promotes DNA repair as part of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway.Ku protein participates in DNA double-strand break repair via the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. The three-dimensional structure of eukaryotic Ku reveals a central core consisting of a β-barrel domain and pillar and bridge regions that combine to form a ring-like structure that encircles DNA.However, in some circumstances DSBs are repaired by a Ku-independent repair mechanism that use microhomology as an intermediate and is dependent on ligase 3 ... Dynan WS, Yoo S (1998) Interaction of Ku protein and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit with nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res 26: 1551–1559. View ArticleThe unique structure of Ku70 binding with DNA is explored; how Ku70, as a nuclear protein, responds to extracellular DNA stimulation is illustrated; ...Ku is an abundant, highly conserved DNA binding protein found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that plays essential roles in the maintenance of genome integrity. In eukaryotes, Ku is a heterodimer comprised of two subunits, Ku70 and Ku80, that is best characterized for its central role as the init …Aravind, L. & Koonin, E.V. Prokaryotic homologs of the eukaryotic DNA-end-binding protein Ku, novel domains in the Ku protein and prediction of a prokaryotic double-strand break repair system.The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a large catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the Ku70/80 heterodimer. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in elucidating the role of DNA-PK in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), the major pathway for repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks in human cells and ...In a recent study published in Cell Reports, researchers from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan University revealed that Ku proteins act as co-sensors of cGAS ...Chinese hamster ovary cell lines lacking XRCC7 showed 10-fold higher sensitivity to radiation and later the protein coded by the gene was identified as DNA-PK [16, 23, 24]. The critical finding that Ku protein is the regulatory component of DNA-PKcs unified both areas of research and gave a new dimension to the NHEJ field.The goal of the present study was to identify the molecular factors that contribute to the decline of NHEJ during cellular senescence. To this end, we have analyzed the status of Ku protein in young and senescent cells. Ku is an essential component of NHEJ machinery (reviewed in [20-22]). Ku is a heterodimer composed of 70 and 86 kDa subunits ...Mar 27, 2018 · Aravind, L. & Koonin, E. V. Prokaryotic homologs of the eukaryotic DNA-end-binding protein Ku, novel domains in the Ku protein and prediction of a prokaryotic double-strand break repair system.पेशाब में प्रोटीन का परीक्षण - Diagnosis of Protein In Urine in Hindi पेशाब में प्रोटीन का इलाज - Proteinuria Treatment in HindiOne of the advantages of PIFE is its dependence on the physical proximity of the protein and fluorescent dye, allowing for the spatial mapping of protein-DNA interactions. Although Ku is known ...KU80; Ku-core domain, Ku80 subfamily; Ku80 is a subunit of the Ku protein, which plays a key role in multiple nuclear processes such as DNA repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, and V (D)J recombination. The mechanism underlying the ... pfam08785. Location:558 → 672.Ku is an ubiquitous nuclear heterodimeric protein consisting of p70 and p86 subunits that binds double-stranded DNA termini and associates with chromosomes in vivo. It was originally described as an autoantigen in patients with certain autoimmune diseases. The individual subunits of Ku have been difficult to isolate from human cells without ...Function. Together, Ku70 and Ku80 make up the Ku heterodimer, which binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. It is also required for V (D)J recombination, which utilizes the NHEJ pathway to promote antigen diversity in the mammalian immune system . Ku possesses ATPase and DNA helicase activity and is the DNA-binding moiety of the high-molecular-weight DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in mammals, which phosphorylates DNA repair factors, p53, and other proteins (S mith and J ackson 1999).Ku is capable of binding to hairpin structures, single-stranded nicks, and gaps in an apparently sequence-independent manner (44-46, 61). A number of studies have also suggested that the Ku protein is capable of sequence-specific DNA binding (36-40, 60). Therefore, there appear to be two distinct modes of Ku-DNA interaction: a sequence ...The BJS_8160 was identified as a non-homologous end-joining protein Ku (Ku protein); these proteins are specialized in repairing DNA damages In S. meliloti Ku proteins have been identified in both free-living conditions and bacteroids , and related to stress conditions, as heat and nutrient starvation ; however, in S. meliloti, Ku protein was ...Introduction. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a multi-subunit enzyme that includes the Ku protein, which is a heterodimer composed of 70-kDa and 80-kDa polypeptide subunits (Dvir et al., 1992; Gottlieb and Jackson, 1993) and a catalytic subunit of ~460 kDa (Blunt et al., 1995).The Ku heterodimer functions as the regulatory component of DNA-PK and binds to the ends of non-specific ...Critical to NHEJ is the DNA-dependent interaction of the Ku70/80 heterodimer with the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to form the DNA-PK holoenzyme. However, precisely how Ku recruits DNA-PKcs to DSBs ends to enhance its kinase activity has remained enigmatic, with contradictory findings reported in the literature.The Ku protein binds to DNA ends and other types of discontinuity in double-stranded DNA. It is a tightly associated heterodimer of approximately 70 kDa and approximately 80 kDa subunits that together with the approximately 470 kDa catalytic subunit, DNA-PKcs, form the DNA-dependent protein kinase. …Ku protein participates in DNA double-strand break repair via the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. The three-dimensional structure of eukaryotic Ku reveals a central core consisting of a β-barrel domain and pillar and bridge regions that combine to form a ring-like structure that encircles DNA. Homologs of Ku are encoded by a subset of ...Ku is an abundant protein that has an extremely high affinity for dsDNA ends that forms a ring-shaped protein that slides onto the ends of the broken DNA molecule in a sequence independent manner [13-16].Unlike E. coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) expresses a Ku-like protein and an ATP-dependent DNA ligase that can perform non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). We have expressed the Mt-Ku and Mt-Ligase D in E. coli using an arabinose-inducible promoter and expression vectors that integrate into specific sites in the E. coli chromosome.E. coli strains have been generated that express the Mt-Ku ...Ku effectively aligns the DNA, while still allowing access of polymerases, nucleases and ligases to the broken DNA ends to promote end joining. Once Ku is in place, it recruits the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK, namely DNA-PKcs, which is a serine/threonine kinase in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family that is believed to be a signalling molecule in …Ku protein, a heterodimer of 70 and 83 kDa polypeptides, is the regulatory component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Ku protein binds to DNA ends and is essential for DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Although there is some evidence that Ku protein also binds RNA, …We'd like to inform you that we have updated our Privacy Notice to comply with Europe's new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that applies since 25 May 2018 ...Historical notes. The Ku antigen is a nonhistone nuclear antigen producing a precipitin line first reported in serum from a patient (designated Ku) with scleroderma-polymyositis …The Ku protein is a heterodimer of two subunits called Ku70 and Ku80. In the nucleus, Ku plays a central role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) created by agents such as ionizing radiation or during several cellular recombination processes including antigen receptor gene rearrangement (V(D)J recombination) (Jackson, 2002).Hendzel and his lab discovered that a poorly characterized protein called RNF138 removes the KU protein from the ends of the broken DNA, allowing the repair process to begin. "There's hardly ...Molecular cloning of the protein subunits of Ku has revealed that the structure of p70 resembles that of certain transcriptional activator proteins, and there is some evidence in vitro that Ku may increase transcriptional activity from at least two promoters. Moreover, examination of the distribution of Ku in the polytene chromosomes of insects ...CAF-1 -KU interaction is direct. A, recombinant CAF-1 was incubated with Talon beads with or without the addition of recombinant His-tagged KU70/80 complex, separated by SDS-PAGE, and silver-stained or immunoblotted with antibodies against p150 and p60. Equal amounts of input (inp) and pulldown reaction were run.Ku protein degradation. In conclusion, dietary astaxanthin supplementation or astaxanthin-rich food consumption may be effective for preventing or delaying oxidative stress-mediated cell dam-age by suppressing Ku protein loss and apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells.DNA-PK, a serine/threonine protein kinase complex composed of a heterodimer of Ku proteins (Ku70/Ku80) and the catalytic subunit DNA-PKcs, is a critical component of the response to damage; as such, it is not surprising that DNA-PK correlates with decreased response to DNA damaging agents and therapeutic resistance in multiple cancers [3-6].May 26, 2013 · These results suggest that Ku proteins are specific to breast cancer progression and indicate that in intestinal cancer cells, tumoregenesis is not associated with Ku protein expression. Many studies have suggested a key role of Ku in cancer development and progression, acting as either tumor suppressor gene or as oncogene 45 . When Ku protein was fractionated electrophoretically, transferred to nitrocellulose filter, and probed with 32P-labeled DNA, only the 70,000-dalton subunit exhibited DNA binding. Thus, the Ku ...In most cells, Ku (an heterodimer of two tightly associated sub-units called Ku70 and. Ku80), is an abondant protein located in the nucleus, where it plays a ...A dimeric protein complex called KU initiates this process by binding to the broken DNA ends, then recruiting the DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to form the active DNA-PK enzyme (Fig. 1a).Identification of prokaryotic Ku homologs allowed the dissection of the Ku protein sequences into three distinct domains, the Ku core that is conserved in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, a derived von Willebrand A domain that is fused to the amino terminus of the core in eukaryotic Ku proteins, and the newly recognized helix–extension–helix ... Advances in massively parallel sequencing, of complete bacterial genomes, have led to many novel findings in the field of genomics. However, these data often lack correlation with expressed protein profiles. It has been demonstrated that even very closely related genomes, such as in mycobacteria, express drastically different phenotypes. …Many models can be envisioned for how Ku suppresses A-NHEJ. One possibility is that Ku, via direct protein∶protein interaction, sequesters a key A-NHEJ factor from performing its function. In a Ku-deficient cell, this factor would be free to facilitate A-NHEJ. A good candidate for such a putative factor exists.Here, using immunoblotting, mass spectrometry and mutagenesis studies, we investigate the acetylation dynamics of the DNA repair protein Ku and its relationship with the deacetylase protein Sir2 and the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway in Mycobacterium smegmatis. We report that acetylation of Ku increases with growth, while NHEJ ...The web server frees users from complex installation of database-dependent parallel software and maintaining large hardware resources needed for protein docking simulations. Docking problems submitted to GRAMM-X server are processed by a 320 processor Linux cluster. The server was extensively tested by benchmarking, several months of public use ...Ku is a heterodimeric protein composed of two subunits (Ku70 and Ku80) originally identified by researchers as autoantigens associated with several autoimmune diseases including scleroderma, polymyositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (1). Ku is an abundant, ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that binds to and stabilizes the ends of DNA ...Identified in a complex with DEAF1 and XRCC5 ( PubMed: 22442688 ). Interacts with DEAF1 (via the SAND domain); the interaction is direct and may be inhibited by DNA-binding ( PubMed: 22442688 ). Interacts with CLU ( By similarity ). Interacts with NR4A3; the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK phosphorylates and activates NR4A3 and ...Ku protein participates in DNA double-strand break repair via the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. The three-dimensional structure of eukaryotic Ku reveals a central core consisting of a β-barrel domain and pillar and bridge regions that combine to form a ring-like structure that encircles DNA.Mar 27, 2021 · In yeast, KU protein slides onto the DNA end and translocates inward. Ku interacts with the DNA ligase IV complex. The catalytic subunit of DNA ligase IV, along with its co-factors Dnl4 and Lif1, performs the DNA repair. Recent studies suggest that in yeast, the Nej1, which is homologous to mammalian XLF, may promote re-adenylation of DNA ...These results suggest that Ku proteins are specific to breast cancer progression and indicate that in intestinal cancer cells, tumoregenesis is not associated with Ku protein expression. Many studies have suggested a key role of Ku in cancer development and progression, acting as either tumor suppressor gene or as oncogene 45 .Sep 2, 2021 · The effect of MCL1 on DSBs goes beyond its effects on DDR protein foci accumulation. MCL1 binds and inhibits Ku, an essential NHEJ protein that stabilizes the DNA ends to promote ligation 54 (Fig ... Here we address how the nature of a protein obstruction dictates how Ku interacts with a DNA end. Ku is unable to access the ends within an important intermediate in V(D)J recombination (a complex of RAG proteins bound to cleaved recombination targeting signals), but Ku readily displaces the linker histone, H1, from DNA.Ku target antigen is a subunit heterodimer (70-80 kDa) associated with DNA-dependant protein kinase (350 kDa); on this dot, antigen coated is a human recombinant product obtained with baculovirus expression system. The secondary antibody is an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-human IgG, and the substrate contains NBT/BCIP.Then 20 ng Ku protein was added for 10 min at 4°C in 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM MgCl 2, 45 mM potassium acetate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.25 mM dithiothreitol, 5% glycerol. Then radiolabeled DNA (0.2 pmol) was added for a further incubation 20 min at 20°C in 10 μl final volume of the same buffer. The samples were electrophoresed on a 5% ...Ku is an abundant, highly conserved DNA binding protein found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that plays essential roles in the maintenance of genome integrity. In eukaryotes, Ku is a heterodimer comprised of two subunits, Ku70 and Ku80, that is best characterized for its central role as the init …Ku protein binds broken DNA ends, triggering a double-strand DNA break repair pathway. The spatial arrangement of the two Ku subunits in the initial Ku-DNA complex, when the Ku protein first approaches the broken DNA end, is not well defined. We have investigated the geometry of the complex using a …DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) has a high affinity for Ku–DNA ends and, together with Ku, forms the DNA-PK complex 4 . Figure 1: Overview of non-homologous end joining.Oct 15, 2023 · the Ku protein, which is present in many bacteria such as Actinomycetes, Bacillus, Agrobacterium and Methanosar-cina [7–13], generally binds to DSBs but does not inter-The Ku complex, a heterodimer of 86- and 70-kD proteins, is a nuclear DNA-binding autoantigen. However, hydrophobicity analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the 70-kD protein had strongly suggested that this might also be a membrane protein.Here, the double-strand breaks are primarily detected by Ku protein (Ku70-Ku80 heterodimer) [117], which then recruits the DNA protein kinase catalytic subunits (DNA-PKcs), forming Ku-DNA-PK complex surrounding the broken strands. When a double-strand break occurs, the configuration at the broken ends can vary.DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a complex of DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer. DNA-PK is required for DNA double strand break repair by the process of nonhomologous end joining. Nonhomologous end joining is a major mechanism for the repair of DNA double strand breaks in mammalian cells.Ku is a heterodimeric protein composed of two subunits (Ku70 and Ku80) originally identified by researchers as autoantigens associated with several autoimmune diseases including scleroderma, polymyositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (1). Ku is an abundant, ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that binds to and stabilizes the ends of DNA ...Ku protein (2 nM) binding red fluorescence aggregates in the mitochondria of healthy to non-radiolabeled 7SL RNA (8, 16 and 32 nM) and to hybrid 7SL-SC4 RNA (8, 16 and 32 nM) is shown in lanes 9-11 and 12-14, respectively. cells, and exists as green fluorescence monomers following a collapse of mitochondrial potential in dying cells. ...Therefore, Ku protein neddylation is associated with Ku protein ubiquitination, which may induce apoptotic cell death. Astaxanthin, an oxygen-containing carotenoid (xanthophyll), is present in marineSubsequent work established that effective DNA-PKcs recruitment and activation by DNA require Ku, a heterodimer comprising two subunits of ∼70 and 80 kDa (Dvir et al., 1992, ... One such protein is the p53 co-factor hnRNP K, which is phosphorylated by ATM in response to DSBs and protected from MDM2-mediated degradation (Moumen et al., ...Many models can be envisioned for how Ku suppresses A-NHEJ. One possibility is that Ku, via direct protein∶protein interaction, sequesters a key A-NHEJ factor from performing its function. In a Ku-deficient cell, this factor would be free to facilitate A-NHEJ. A good candidate for such a putative factor exists.Ku adopts ring shaped structure and acts as a DNA targeting subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA PKcs or XRCC7) which along with Ku forms DNA-PK holoenzyme. DNA-PKcs induce an inward translocation of Ku protein allowing DNA-PKcs to contact opposing DSB ends.A dimeric protein complex called KU initiates this process by binding to the broken DNA ends, then recruiting the DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to form the active DNA-PK enzyme (Fig. 1a).Transcriptional reinitiation is a distinct phase of the RNA polymerase II transcription cycle. Prior work has shown that reinitiation is deficient in nuclear extracts from Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking the 80-kDa subunit of Ku, a double-strand break repair protein, and that activity is rescued by expression of the corresponding cDNA. We now show that Ku increases the amount or ...The Ku protein is part of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which is required for the nonhomologous end-joining pathway of DNA double-strand break (DSB) …Ku is an abundant, highly conserved DNA binding protein found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that plays essential roles in the maintenance of genome integrity. In eukaryotes, Ku is a heterodimer comprised of two subunits, Ku70 and Ku80, that is best characterized for its central role as the init … The Ku-protein level and Ku DNA binding activity were decreased after treatment with bleomycin, adriamycin, or vincristine, and the decreases were blocked by the treatment of z-DEVD-fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, suggesting that loss of Ku DNA binding is, in part, due to a caspase-mediated decrease in Ku protein levels. ...The observed effects cannot be accounted for by the differential expression levels of Ku protein in control and SC4 aptamer-expressing cells, but are rather due to augmented DNA binding-capacity of Ku protein, as demonstrated in in vitro studies. Thus, RNA aptamers against Ku protein show potential to sensitize MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells to ...Ku70-/- and Ku80-/- cells are less resistant to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis, suggesting a role for Ku proteins in the prevention of apoptotic signaling. Thus, Ku70 and Ku80 may have multiple roles during DNA transcription, repair, and maintenance depending on the protein interactions that are involved.Ku is an abundant nuclear protein that consists of two polypeptides of molecular masses 80-86 and 70-72 kDa. It was first identified in the serum of a patient with scleroderma polymyositis overlap syndrome (), and antibodies against this protein have been detected in the sera of patients with various autoimmune diseases ().It can bind to the DNA ends (2, 3) as well as the internal DNA ...The Ku complex, a heterodimer of 86- and 70-kD proteins, is a nuclear DNA-binding autoantigen. However, hydrophobicity analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the 70-kD protein had strongly suggested that this might also be a membrane protein.CR has also been shown to ameliorate oxidative damage to DNA, protein, and lipids 5,6,7. ... CR was also found to prevent age-related decline in the levels of Ku protein, ...Introduction Ku has been implicated in a diverse range of functions including transcription, DNA replication, innate immunity, the DNA damage response, and telomere maintenance, many of which are mediated through Ku-protein and Ku-RNA interactions [ 1 ].Ku is a well-known protein heterodimer comprised of 70 and 80 kDa subunits and is best-known for its central role in binding to DNA and the double-strand break DNA repair pathway in mammals.2 There are several challenges when describing the clinical phenotype of patients with anti-Ku antibodies. First, as noted above, Ku is a DNA-binding protein.
In human cell Ku70 and Ku80 form a heterodimeric complex named Ku antigen or Ku. As a component of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) the Ku heterodimer plays a key role in the non-homologous .... Steve soper
The effect of MCL1 on DSBs goes beyond its effects on DDR protein foci accumulation. MCL1 binds and inhibits Ku, an essential NHEJ protein that stabilizes the DNA ends to promote ligation 54 (Fig ...Introduction Ku has been implicated in a diverse range of functions including transcription, DNA replication, innate immunity, the DNA damage response, and telomere maintenance, many of which are mediated through Ku-protein and Ku-RNA interactions [ 1 ].Ku protein, a heterodimer of 70 and 83 kDa polypeptides, is the regulatory component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Ku protein binds to DNA ends and is essential for DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Although there is some evidence that Ku protein also binds RNA, …The expanded tissue preserves its protein content, its fine subcellular details, and its organ-scale intercellular connectivity. ... Taeyun Ku, Jeong-Yoon Park, Alexandre Albanese, Evan Murray ...Aug 13, 2019 · The Ku protein exists as a homodimer and preferentially binds to dsDNA ends (Weller et al., 2002). LigD is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent DNA ligase that contains polymerase and nuclease domains, which facilitates the joining of long linear DNA molecules with different incompatible ends ( Della et al., 2004 ). The Mt-Ku fusion protein was over-expressed in U2OS cells and this increased the sensitivity of the cells to bleomycin sulfate. Hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation do not predominantly produce DSBs and there was little or no change in sensitivity to these agents. Since in vitro studies were unable to detect binding of Mt-Ku to DNA-PKcs or human ...Conventionally, KU complex, the regulatory subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), together with the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs), mediates DNA damage repair in the nucleus. Here, we found KU complex abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm, where it recognized accumulated cytoplasmic DNA in aged human and mouse CD4 + T cells ...Ku protein binds to DNA ends and is a cofactor for the DNA-dependent protein kinase. Both of these components are involved in DNA double-strand break …While Ku in eukaryotes is often a multi-domain protein functioning in DNA repair of physiological and pathological DNA double-stranded breaks, Ku in prokaryotes is a single-domain protein ...For each of the following, select whether it best applies to NHEJ or homologous recombination or both. This pathway involves Ku protein binding the ends of DNA created by double-strand breaks This pathway is more active in M phase than in G 1 This pathway can result in translocations This pathway can cause loss-of theterozygosity This pathway acts quickly to repair any double-strand breaks ...The Ku protein binds to DNA ends and other types of discontinuity in double-stranded DNA. It is a tightly associated heterodimer of approximately 70 kDa and approximately 80 kDa subunits that together with the approximately 470 kDa catalytic subunit, DNA-PKcs, form the DNA-dependent protein kinase. …Early data suggested that there was a changing relationship between DNA-PK cs forming a complex with replication protein A during replication, to a complex of DNA-PK cs and Ku in response to DNA ....